Short for Post Office Protocol, a protocol used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Most e-mail applications (sometimes called an e-mail client) use the POP protocol, although some can use the newer IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol).
There are two versions of POP. The first, called POP2, became a standard in the mid-80's and requires SMTP to send messages. The newer version, POP3, can be used with or without SMTP.
Practical
Definition
If you can only access your email from a single home computer using an email program like Outlook, Outlook Express, Eudora, Thunderbird, Netscape Navigator, etc., then it’s POP3 email.
If you can access your email from any computer anywhere in the world that has a connection to the internet by going to that email provider’s website, it’s webmail.